årsag og virkning

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( som bevirker noget) cause ( til of, fx malnutrition is the cause of many diseases; the assassination was the occasion, not the cause of the war);

( forklaring, subjektiv grund, fornuftgrund) reason ( til for, fx what is the reason for his refusal?);

( berettigelse) cause ( til for, fx there is no cause for concern; you have no cause for complaint),

( stærkere) ground(s) ( til for, fx have grounds for suspicion);

( anledning) occasion ( til for, fx give occasion for gossip);

( bevæggrund) motive;

[ ingen årsag!] don't mention it! not at all! it's quite all right!

[ årsag og virkning] cause and effect;

[ lille årsag stor virkning] great events and small occasions;

[ med præp:]

[ af den årsag] for that reason;

[ af politiske årsage] for political reasons; on political grounds;

[ give årsag til] give cause (, occasion) for;

[ årsag til at] reason to ( fx we have reason to believe that he is lying), cause to ( fx he had cause to be angry);

[ årsagen til at] the reason why ( fx I refused);

[ årsagen til at han gjorde det]

( også) his reason for doing it.

sg - fórholdet, pl - fórhold

1) соотноше́ние с, пропо́рция ж

2) ( взаимо)отноше́ния мн; связь ж

3) обстоя́тельства мн

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(især pl: tilstand, vilkår) conditions ( fx conditions in Denmark, social conditions), circumstances ( fx under the present

circumstances); state of things ( fx the present state of things makes it impossible); situation ( fx the situation has changed);

( målestoksforhold) scale;

( proportion) proportion ( fx the proportion between Blacks and Whites in the population);

( fordelingsforhold) ratio ( fx in the ratio of 2 to 3; share the profits in an agreed ratio);

( forbindelse) relations ( fx between two countries, between parents and children, between Blacks and Whites); relationship ( fx between mother and child; it developed into a lasting relationship);

( foreteelse, fænomen) phenomenon (pl phenomena), matter;

( omstændighed) fact, circumstance ( fx I did not know of this fact (el.

circumstance));

[ forholdet er det at] the fact is that;

( anklagepunkt) count ( fx he was found guilty on all counts);

[ forholdene] matters, things, conditions, (the state of) affairs;

[ de faktiske forhold] the facts;

[ forb med (vb +) præp:]

[ efter den tids forhold] by the standards of that time;

[ forholdet mellem årsag og virkning] the relation between cause and effect;

[ hans forhold til sine overordnede (, sin familie)] his relations (el.

relationship) with his superiors (, his family);

[ få et naturligt forhold til] form a natural relationship with ( fx the opposite sex);

[ have et forhold til]

( erotisk) have an affair with,

(se også ndf: stå i forhold til);

[få (, have) et afslappet forhold til]

(fx spiritus) develop (, have) a relaxed attitude to ( fx alcohol);

[ have et godt forhold til] be on good (el. friendly) terms with;

[ i forhold til] in proportion to, proportional to;

( sammenlignet med) (as) compared with, on ( fx prices are now up 10% on last year); to ( fx it is nothing to what I have seen);

[ stå i ( passende) forhold til] be proportional to;

[ stå i forhold til en kvinde] have sexual relations with a woman;

[ hans held stod ikke i forhold til hans evner] his success was out of all proportion to his abilities;

(se også ligefrem, omvendt);

[ sætte i forhold til]

( i passende forhold til) proportion to ( fx proportion the reward to the work done);

[ under de forhold] under those circumstances.

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vb mistake ( med for), confuse ( med with, fx mistake him for (el.

confuse him with) his brother; confuse salt and (el. with) sugar);

(mere T) mix up ( med with, fx I mixed him up with his brother; I mixed up their names (, the dates));

[ forveksle årsag og virkning] confuse cause and effect.

1) прочь, доло́й

2)

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I. præp

a) ( materiale) of ( fx the house is built of wood);

( når materialet omdannes) from ( fx steel is made from iron; wine is made from grapes; the ruined house was rebuilt from (el. with) the same materials);

( om ingrediens) with ( fx the dish is made with apples);

b) ( den handlende, det virkende, ophavsmanden) by ( fx the house was built by an architect; he was killed by the savages with poisoned arrows; he was killed by a poisoned arrow; a novel by Dickens);

( om virkning af drik) on ( fx get drunk on beer);

c) ( om oprindelse, udgangspunkt; på grundlag af, ud fra) from ( fx I heard it from my sister; I bought (, borrowed, got, learned) it from him; I see from your letter that...; it is easily understood from the context; speak from conviction); of ( fx a man of humble origin); d) ( væk fra) off ( fx she took the lid off the box; he fell off the horse; he washed the soap off his face);

e) ( i forhold til, af... at være) for ( fx he is big for his age; for a foreigner he speaks English surprisingly well);

f) ( i henseende til) in ( fx weak in character), by ( fx English by birth; a blacksmith by trade), in the way of ( fx that is all he has in the way of clothes);

[ høj af vækst] of tall stature;

g) (ved dato etc) of ( fx your letter of May 5);

h) ( om del) of ( fx two of these apples; most of us), out of (fx nine out of every ten died), in ( fx one in a thousand);

[ i ni af ti tilfælde] in nine cases out of ten;

i) ( i beskrivelse) of ( fx a man of enormous strength (, of high rank, of the same name); a town of this size);

j) ( årsag) of ( fx die of hunger); with ( fx be half-dead with fear; stiff with cold; wet with dew; black with soot; the man was green with envy; she fainted with exhaustion); for ( fx he could not speak for emotion; leap for joy);

( om eftervirkning) from ( fx get a cold from staying out in the rain; faint from loss of blood);

k) ( motiv) out of ( fx he did it out of jealousy, malice, curiosity, fear); for ( fx he did it for love); from ( fx from politeness); l) ( eksistensgrundlag: føde el. penge) on ( fx live on vegetables, on a small income);

( virksomhed) by ( fx live by one's pen, by teaching);

m) ( samhørighedsforhold, ejendomsforhold etc) of ( fx the owner of the dog; the top of the hill; a portrait of Henry VIII; the sound of wheels; the Duke of Kent; the King of Denmark; a friend of mine); n) (efter adj: om handling) of ( fx it was silly (, kind, considerate, wise) of you);

o) [ Udtryk]

[ andre tilfælde:]

[ hvad er den af?] what is the big idea?

[ den skurk af en mexikaner] that scoundrel of a Mexican;

[ penge havde han ingen af] he had no money;

[ af naturen] by nature, naturally;

[ han gjorde det af sig selv] he did it of his own accord;

[ det skete ikke af sig selv] it didn't happen of itself;

( se også de ord, hvormed "af" forbindes).

II. adv

(om fjernelse etc) off ( fx take the lid off; take off one's clothes);

[ af med hatten(e)!] hats off!

[ vi skal snart af med ham] we are going to lose him soon, he is leaving us soon;

[ af og til] now and again, occasionally, from time to time;

( se også de ord, hvormed "af" forbindes).

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I. vb

( afslutte) end ( fx a conference, a journey; he ended his letter with best wishes),

F close ( fx one's career, a meeting), conclude ( fx one's speech, a meeting, a concert with an encore),

T wind up ( fx a debate, one's speech, a story, the evening with a song);

( fuldføre, gøre helt færdig) finish ( fx the investigation, one's preparations; I have to end my letter here though it is not finished; the war was over but not finished);

( indgå) enter into,

F conclude ( fx an alliance),

(se også forlig, fred, kontrakt, overenskomst, venskab etc);

( uden objekt) end,

F close, come to an end ( fx the meeting came to an end);

( blive færdig) finish ( fx when does the film finish?);

[ med sb & adj:]

[ slutte fast]

( om børs) close firm;

[ slutte geledderne] close the ranks;

[ slutte kreds], se kreds;

[ slutte optoget] bring up the rear;

[ slutte regnskabet] close the accounts;

[ slutte strømmen]

(elekt) close the circuit, switch on the current;

[ slutte tæt]

( om tøj) fit tightly (el. closely);

( om vindue) shut tight;

[ med præp & adv:]

[ slutte af] = slutte;

[ slutte bøgerne `af] close the books;

[ slutte af med] end (up) with ( fx we ended (the dinner) (up) with fruit and coffee), finish with,

F conclude with;

[ slutte en i sine arme] clasp somebody in one's arms;

[ slutte op] close up;

[ vi må slutte op om ham] we must rally round him;

[ slutte sammen], se sammenslutte;

[ slutte sig sammen] unite, join hands, combine (forces), join forces;

( om firmaer) become merged, merge;

[ slutte sig til]

( person) join,

( knytte sig til) become attached to,

( holde med) side with,

( være enig med) agree with,

T go along with,

( parti, skare etc) join (up with),

( erklæring, optræden) associate oneself with, join in,

T go along with;

( en tro, lære) adopt,

F embrace, espouse ( fx Christianity),

( en mening) subscribe to, endorse,

T go along with.

II. vb

( drage slutning) conclude,

F infer (af from, at that),

( i logik) deduce (af from, at that);

( uden objekt) draw a conclusion (, conclusions);

[ slutte fra virkning til årsag] infer the cause from the effect;

[ slutte fra sig selv til andre] judge others by oneself;

[ slutte sig til] conclude, infer, deduce.